Legislation
Source: Vermont Statutes : TITLE 15 Domestic
Relations : CHAPTER 21.
ABUSE PREVENTION : Subchapter 3. Address Confidentiality for Victims
of Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault or Stalking
NO. 134. AN ACT RELATING TO ADDRESS CONFIDENTIALITY FOR VICTIMS OF
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, SEXUAL ASSAULT AND STALKING.
(H.807)
It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont:
Sec. 1. DESIGNATION
15 V.S.A. chapter 21, §§ 1101 through 1115 are designated as:
Subchapter 1. General Provisions
Sec. 2. 15 V.S.A. chapter 21, subchapter 3 is added to read:
Subchapter 3. Address Confidentiality for Victims of
Domestic
Violence, Sexual Assault or Stalking
§ 1150. FINDINGS AND INTENT
(a) The general assembly finds that persons attempting to escape from
actual or threatened domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking
frequently establish new addresses in order to prevent their assailants or
probable assailants from finding them.
(b) It is the purpose of this subchapter to:
(1) enable state and local agencies to respond to requests for public
records without disclosing the location of a victim of domestic violence,
sexual assault or stalking;
(2) promote interagency cooperation with the secretary of state in
providing address confidentiality for victims of domestic violence, sexual
assault and stalking; and
(3) enable state agencies and local agencies to accept a program
participant's use of an address, and local agencies to accept an address,
designated by the secretary of state as a substitute mailing address.
§ 1151. DEFINITIONS
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in this
section apply throughout the subchapter.
(1) “Address” means a residential street address, school address, post
office box address or work address of an individual, as specified on the
individual's application to be a program participant under this chapter.
(2) “Domestic violence” means an act of abuse as defined in
subdivision 1101(1) of this title and includes a threat of such acts
committed against an individual in a domestic situation, regardless of
whether these acts or threats have been reported to law enforcement
officers.
(3) “Program participant” means a person certified as a program
participant under this chapter.
(4) “Sexual assault” means an act of assault as defined in subsection
3252(a) or (b) of Title 13 (sexual assault) or in subsection 3253(a) of
Title 13 (aggravated sexual assault), and includes a threat of such acts,
regardless of whether these acts or threats have been reported to law
enforcement officers.
(5) “Stalking” means conduct as defined in section 1061(stalking) or
in section 1063 of Title 13 (aggravated stalking), and includes a threat of
such acts, regardless of whether these acts or threats have been reported to
law enforcement officers.
§ 1152. ADDRESS CONFIDENTIALITY PROGRAM; APPLICATION;
CERTIFICATION
(a) An adult person, a parent or guardian acting on behalf of a minor,
or a guardian acting on behalf of an incapacitated person, may apply to the
secretary of state to have an address designated by the secretary serve as
the person's address or the address of the minor or incapacitated person.
The secretary of state shall approve an application if it is filed in the
manner and on the form prescribed by the secretary of state, and if it
contains:
(1) a sworn statement by the applicant that the applicant has good
reason to believe:
(A) the applicant, or the minor or incapacitated person on whose
behalf the application is made, is a victim of domestic or sexual
violence-related or stalking-related behavior; and
(B) the applicant fears for his or her safety or his or her children's
safety, or the safety of the minor or incapacitated person on whose behalf
the application is made;
(2) a designation of the secretary as agent for purposes of service of
process and for the purpose of receipt of mail;
(3) the mailing address where the applicant can be contacted by the
secretary and the phone number or numbers where the applicant can be called
by the secretary;
(4) the new address or addresses that the applicant requests not be
disclosed for the reason that disclosure will increase the risk of domestic
violence, sexual assault or stalking;
(5) the signature of the applicant and of any individual or
representative of any office who assisted in the preparation of the
application, and the date on which the applicant signed the application.
(b) Applications shall be filed with the office of the secretary.
(c) Upon receipt of a properly completed application, the secretary
shall certify the applicant as a program participant. Applicants shall be
certified for four years following the date of filing, unless the
certification is withdrawn or invalidated before that date. The secretary
shall by rule establish a renewal procedure.
(d) A person who falsely attests in an application that disclosure of
the applicant's address would endanger the applicant's safety, or the safety
of the applicant's children or the minor or incapacitated person on whose
behalf the application is made, or who knowingly provides false or incorrect
information upon making an application, shall be punishable in accordance
with the criminal penalties for perjury as described in section 2901 of
Title 13.
(e) A program participant shall notify the secretary of state of a
change of address within seven days of the change of address.
§ 1153. CERTIFICATION CANCELLATION
(a) The secretary of state may cancel a program participant’s
certification if, after the passage of 14 days:
(1) from the date of changing his or her name, the program participant
does not notify the secretary that he or she has obtained a name change;
however, the program participant may reapply under his or her new name;
(2) from the date of changing his or her address, the program
participant fails to notify the secretary of the change of address; or
(3) from the date the secretary first receives mail, forwarded to the
program participant's address, returned as nondeliverable.
(b) The secretary shall cancel certification of a program participant
who applies using false information.
(c) The secretary shall send notice of termination to the program
participant. Notice of termination shall set out the reasons for
termination. The program participant shall have 30 days to appeal the
termination decision under procedures developed by the secretary.
(d) Program participants may withdraw from the program by giving the
secretary written notice of their intention. The secretary shall establish,
by rule, a secure procedure for ensuring that the request for withdrawal is
legitimate.
§ 1154. AGENCY USE OF DESIGNATED ADDRESS
(a) A program participant shall request that state and local agencies
use the address designated by the secretary of state as the participant’s
address. When creating a new public record, state and local agencies shall
accept the address designated by the secretary as a program participant's
substitute address, unless the secretary has determined that:
(1) the agency has a bona fide statutory or administrative requirement
for the use of the address which would otherwise be confidential under this
subchapter;
(2) the address will be used only for those statutory and
administrative purposes;
(3) the agency has identified the specific program participant’s
record for which the waiver is requested;
(4) the agency has identified the individuals who will have access to
the record; and
(5) the agency has explained how its acceptance of the substitute
address will prevent the agency from meeting its obligations under the law
and why it cannot meet its statutory or administrative obligation by a
change in its internal procedures.
(b) During the review, evaluation, and appeal of an agency’s request,
the agency shall accept the use of a program participant’s substitute
address.
(c) The secretary’s determination to grant or withhold a requested
waiver must be based on, but not limited to, an evaluation of the
information under subsection (a) of this section.
(d) If the secretary finds that the agency has a bona fide statutory
and administrative need for the actual address and that the information will
only be used for that purpose, the secretary may issue the actual address to
the agency. Prior to granting the waiver, the secretary shall notify the
program participant of the waiver, including the name of the agency and the
reasons for the waiver. When granting a waiver, the secretary shall notify
and require the agency to maintain the confidentiality of the program
participant’s address and designate a date after which the agency no longer
maintains the record of the address.
(e) Denial of the agency waiver request must be made in writing and
include a statement of the reasons for denial.
(f) Acceptance or denial of the agency’s waiver request constitutes
final agency action. An aggrieved party may appeal. The secretary shall
adopt rules establishing an appeal process.
(g) A program participant may use the address designated by the
secretary as his or her work address.
(h) The office of the secretary shall forward all first class mail to
the appropriate program participants.
(i) The secretary shall keep a record of all waivers and all
documentation relating to requests for waivers.
(j) Any agency receiving a waiver may not make the program
participant’s address available for inspection or copying, except under the
following circumstances:
(1) if requested by a law enforcement agency for purposes of assisting
in the execution of an arrest warrant; or
(2) if directed by a court order to a person identified in the order.
§ 1155. DISCLOSURE OF ADDRESS PROHIBITED; EXCEPTIONS
(a) The secretary of state may not make a program participant's
address, other than the address designated by the secretary, available for
inspection or copying, except under the following circumstances:
(1) if requested by a law enforcement agency for purposes of assisting
in the execution of an arrest warrant;
(2) if directed by a court order to a person identified in the order;
(3) to verify the participation of a specific program participant, in
which case the secretary may only confirm information supplied by the
requester; or
(4) if certification has been canceled.
(b) The secretary shall provide immediate notification of disclosure
to a program participant when disclosure takes place under subdivisions
(a)(2) and (3) of this section.
§ 1156. NONDISCLOSURE OF ADDRESS IN CRIMINAL AND CIVIL
PROCEEDINGS
No member of the department of state’s attorneys, victim’s advocate,
law enforcement agency, local social service agency or witness shall be
compelled to disclose the program participant’s actual residential address
or place of employment during the discovery phase of, or during testimony in
any criminal or civil proceeding unless the court finds, based on a
preponderance of the evidence, that nondisclosure will prejudice the
defendant.
§ 1157. ASSISTANCE FOR PROGRAM APPLICANTS
The secretary of state shall make available a list of state and local
agencies and nonprofit agencies that provide counseling and shelter services
to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking to assist
persons applying to be program participants. Such information provided by
the office of the secretary or designees to applicants shall in no way be
construed as legal advice.
§ 1158. VOTING BY PROGRAM PARTICIPANT
A program participant who is otherwise qualified to vote may register
to vote and apply for an absentee ballot pursuant to rules adopted by the
secretary of state under section 1160 of this title. Such rules shall enable
a town clerk to substitute, on all voting records of the town, the
designation “blind ballot” wherever the name or address of the voter might
otherwise appear. The program participant shall receive absentee ballots for
all elections in the jurisdictions for which that individual resides in the
same manner as absentee voters who qualify under section 2531 of Title 17.
The town clerk shall transmit the absentee ballot to the program participant
at the address designated by the participant in his or her application.
Neither the name nor the address of a program participant shall be included
in any list of registered voters available to the public.
§ 1159. CUSTODY AND VISITATION ORDERS
Nothing in this chapter, nor participation in this program, affects
custody or visitation orders in effect prior to or during program
participation.
§ 1160. ADOPTION OF RULES
The secretary of state shall adopt rules necessary to perform his or
her duties under this subchapter relating to: program application and
certification; certification cancellation; agency use of designated
addresses and exceptions; voting by program participants; and recording of
vital statistics for program participants. All such rules shall conform with
the findings and intent of the general assembly, as described in section
1150 of this title, and shall be designed with an understanding of the needs
and circumstances of victims of domestic violence, sexual assault and
stalking.
Sec. 3. 1 V.S.A. § 317(c) is amended to read:
(c) The following public records are exempt from public inspection and
copying:
* * *
(29) the address of a certified participant in the address
confidentiality program described in chapter 21, subchapter 3 of Title 15,
except as provided in that subchapter, during the period of certification.
Sec. 4. 18 V.S.A. § 5083 is added to read:
§ 5083. PARTICIPANTS IN ADDRESS CONFIDENTIALITY PROGRAM
(a) If a participant in the program described in chapter 21,
subchapter 3 of Title 15 who is the parent of a child born during the period
of program participation notifies the physician or midwife who delivers the
child, or the hospital at which the child is delivered, not later than 24
hours after the birth of the child, that the participant's confidential
address should not appear on the child's birth certificate, then the
department shall not disclose such confidential address or the participant's
town of residence on any public records. A participant who fails to provide
such notice shall be deemed to have waived the provisions of this section.
If such notice is received, then notwithstanding section 5071 of this title,
the attendant physician or midwife shall file the certificate with the
supervisor of vital records registration within ten days of the birth,
without the confidential address or town of residence, and shall not file
the certificate with the town clerk.
(b) The supervisor of vital records registration shall receive and
file for record all certificates filed in accordance with this section, and
shall ensure that a parent's confidential address and town of residence do
not appear on the birth certificate during the period that the parent is a
program participant. A certificate filed in accordance with this section
shall be a public document. The supervisor of vital records shall notify the
secretary of state of the receipt of a birth certificate on behalf of a
program participant.
(c) The department shall maintain a confidential record of the
parent's actual mailing address and town of residence. Such record shall be
exempt from public inspection.
(d) Upon the renewal, expiration, withdrawal, invalidation or
cancellation of program participation of any parent of whom the secretary of
state received notice from the supervisor of vital records registration, the
secretary of state shall notify the supervisor of vital records
registration.
(e) Notwithstanding section 5075 of this title, upon notice of the
expiration, withdrawal, invalidation or cancellation of program
participation, the supervisor of vital records registration shall enter the
actual mailing address and town of residence on the original birth
certificate and shall transmit the completed original birth certificate to
the town clerk where the birth occurred.
(f) The town clerk shall process certificates received in this manner
in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
Sec. 5. 18 V.S.A. § 5132 is added to read:
§ 5132. MARRIAGE LICENSE; PARTICIPANTS IN ADDRESS
CONFIDENTIALITY PROGRAM
(a) If a participant in the program described in chapter 21,
subchapter 3 of Title 15 notifies the town that the participant's
confidential address should not appear on the marriage license or
certificate, then the town clerk shall not disclose such confidential
address or the participant's town of residence on any public records. A
participant who fails to provide such notice shall be deemed to have waived
the provisions of this section. If such notice is received, then
notwithstanding section 5131 of this title, the town clerk shall file the
marriage certificate with the supervisor of vital records registration
within ten days of receipt, without the confidential address or town of
residence, and shall not retain a copy of the marriage certificate.
(b) The supervisor of vital records registration shall receive and
file for record all certificates filed in accordance with this section, and
shall ensure that a person's confidential address and town of residence do
not appear on the marriage certificate during the period that the person is
a program participant. A certificate filed in accordance with this section
shall be a public document. The supervisor of vital records shall notify the
secretary of state of the receipt of a marriage certificate on behalf of a
program participant.
(c) The department shall maintain a confidential record of the
person's actual mailing address and town of residence. Such record shall be
exempt from public inspection.
(d) Upon the renewal, expiration, withdrawal, invalidation or
cancellation of program participation of any person of whom the secretary of
state received notice from the supervisor of vital records registration, the
secretary of state shall notify the supervisor of vital records
registration.
(e) Upon notice of the expiration, withdrawal, invalidation or
cancellation of program participation, the supervisor of vital records
registration shall enter the actual mailing address and town of residence on
the original marriage certificate and shall transmit the completed original
marriage certificate to the town clerk where the certificate was issued.
(f) The town clerk shall process certificates received in this manner
in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
Sec. 6. 17 V.S.A. § 2122 is amended to read:
§ 2122. RESIDENCE; SPECIAL CASES; CHECKLIST
(a) A person shall not gain or lose a residence solely by reason of
presence or absence while in the service of the state or of the United
States; nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of the state or of
the United States or on the high seas; nor while in a hospital, nursing
home, or other health care facility; nor while confined in a prison or
correctional institution; nor while a member of a veterans' home; nor while
a student at any educational institution; nor while living outside the
United States; nor while certified as a participant in the address
confidentiality program under chapter 21, subchapter 3 of Title 15.
Members of the Vermont veterans' home in the town of Bennington may vote in
the town of Bennington in all elections but this right shall not affect
their residence for any other purpose.
* * *
Sec. 7. 17 V.S.A. § 2126 is amended to read:
§ 2126. VILLAGE CHECKLIST
A village clerk shall automatically include on the village checklist the
names of all persons living within the village who are on the checklist of
the town in which the village is located, except as provided in section
2122 of this title. No separate application or other action on the part
of the voter shall be required.
Sec. 8. APPROPRIATION
(a) There is appropriated from the general fund in fiscal year 2001 to
the Secretary of State the amount of $17,000.00 to carry out the purposes of
this act.
(b) The establishment of one (1) limited service position – Program
Coordinator – in the office of the Secretary of State is authorized in
fiscal year 2001.
Sec. 9. EFFECTIVE DATE
This act shall take effect on January 1, 2001.
Approved: May 12, 2000
H.476
Introduced by Committee on Government Operations
Date:
Subject: Executive branch; secretary of state; address confidentiality
program
Statement of purpose: This bill proposes to:
(1) clarify application requirements;
(2) eliminate the exception for disclosure of a participant’s address
when his or her certification has been cancelled;
(3) provide an exception for disclosure of a participant’s address when
requested by a law enforcement agency for a legitimate law enforcement
purpose; and
(4) require the secretary of state to adopt rules which ensure
expeditious disclosure of participant addresses when required.
AN ACT RELATING TO ADDRESS CONFIDENTIALITY OF VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE, SEXUAL ASSAULT, AND STALKING
It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont:
Sec. 1. PURPOSE
The general assembly, by this act, intends to ensure that law enforcement
agencies can access the actual addresses of participants in the address
confidentiality program to effectuate legitimate law enforcement duties,
while furthering the intent of the address confidentiality program.
Sec. 2. 15 V.S.A. § 1151 is amended to read:
§ 1151. DEFINITIONS
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in this
section apply throughout the subchapter.
(1) "*[Address]* Actual address" means *[a residential
street address,]* the physical location where the applicant resides
and may include a school address*[, post office box address]* or
work address of an individual, as specified on the individual’s application
to be a program participant under this chapter.
* * *
(6) "Law enforcement agency" means the department of public safety, a
municipal police department, a sheriff’s department, the criminal division
of the attorney general’s office, and a state’s attorney’s office, or
employees of those agencies, and certified law enforcement officers employed
by the department of motor vehicles, the agency of natural resources, or the
department of liquor control. "Law enforcement agency" shall also mean the
department of social and rehabilitation services or its employees when the
department is engaged in:
(A) the investigation of child abuse and neglect;
(B) the delivery of services to families and children that the department
is working with pursuant to the provisions of chapter 55 of Title 33;
(C) the execution of the department’s licensing duties;
(D) working with children alleged to be, or adjudicated, delinquent; or
(E) the performance of the department’s responsibilities pursuant to an
interstate compact to which the state is a party.
(7) "Public record" means a public record as defined in section 317 of
Title 1.
(8) "Secretary" means the Vermont secretary of state.
(9) "Substitute address" means the secretary’s designated address for the
address confidentiality program.
(10) "Agency" means any subdivision of the state of Vermont, a
municipality, or a subdivision of a municipality.
Sec. 3. 15 V.S.A. § 1152 is amended to read:
§ 1152. ADDRESS CONFIDENTIALITY PROGRAM; APPLICATION; CERTIFICATION
(a) An adult person, a parent or legal guardian acting on behalf
of a minor, or a legal guardian acting on behalf of an incapacitated
person, may apply to the secretary of state to have an address designated by
the secretary serve as the person’s address or the address of the minor or
incapacitated person. The secretary of state shall approve an application if
it is filed in the manner and on the form prescribed by the secretary of
state, and if it contains:
(1) a *[sworn]* statement made under oath by the applicant
that *[the applicant has good reason to believe]*:
(A) the applicant, or the minor or incapacitated person on whose behalf
the application is made, is a victim of domestic *[or]* violence,
sexual *[violence-related]* assault, or *[stalking-related
behavior]* stalking; *[and
]*
(B) the applicant fears for his or her safety or his or her children’s
safety, or the safety of the minor or incapacitated person on whose behalf
the application is made;
(C) the parent or legal guardian applying on behalf of a minor or
incapacitated person has legal authority to act on the person’s behalf;
(D) the applicant or the individual for whom the application is prepared
is not knowingly a subject of an active arrest warrant;
(E) if the applicant is under the supervision of the department of
corrections, the applicant has notified the department of the actual address
and the applicant authorizes the release of the actual address to the
department; and
(F) if the applicant is required to report the actual address for the sex
offender registry under subchapter 3 of chapter 167 of Title 13, the
applicant authorizes the release of the actual address to the registry;
* * *
(5) the signature of the applicant and the name of any individual
or representative of any office who assisted in the preparation of the
application*[, ]*and the date on which the applicant signed the
application.
(b) Applications shall be filed with the office of the secretary.
(c) Upon receipt of a properly completed application, the secretary shall
certify the applicant as a program participant. Applicants shall be
certified for four years following the date of filing, unless the
certification is withdrawn or *[invalidated]* cancelled before
that date. The secretary shall by rule establish a renewal procedure.
(d) A person who *[falsely attests in an application that disclosure
of the applicant’s address would endanger the applicant’s safety, or the
safety of the applicant’s children or the minor or incapacitated person on
whose behalf the application is made, or who]* knowingly provides false
or incorrect information *[upon making an application, shall]* to
the secretary as required by this chapter may be *[punishable
in accordance with the criminal penalties for perjury as described in]*
prosecuted under section 2904 of Title 13.
(e) A program participant shall notify the secretary of state of a change
of actual address within seven days of the change of address.
Sec. 4. 15 V.S.A. § 1153(c) is amended to read:
(c) The secretary shall send notice of *[termination]*
cancellation to the program participant. Notice of *[termination]*
cancellation shall set out the reasons for *[termination]*
cancellation. The program participant shall have 30 days to appeal the
*[termination]* cancellation decision under procedures
developed by the secretary.
Sec. 5. 15 V.S.A. § 1154 is amended to read:
§ 1154. AGENCY USE OF DESIGNATED ADDRESS; AGENCY OTHER
THAN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
(a) A program participant shall request that state and local agencies,
other than law enforcement agencies, use the substitute address
*[designated by the secretary of state]* as the participant’s
address. When creating a new public record, state and local agencies,
other than law enforcement agencies, shall accept the *[address
designated by the secretary as a program participant’s]* substitute
address, unless the secretary has determined that:
(1) the agency has a bona fide *[statutory or administrative]*
requirement for the use of the actual address which would otherwise
be confidential under this subchapter;
* * *
(d) If the secretary finds that the agency has a bona fide *[statutory
and administrative need]* purpose for the actual address and that
the information will only be used for that purpose, the secretary *[may]*
shall issue the actual address to the agency. Prior to granting the
waiver, the secretary shall notify the program participant of the waiver,
including the name of the agency and the reasons for the waiver. *[When
granting]* If granted a waiver, *[the secretary shall notify
and require]* the agency *[to]* shall maintain the
confidentiality of the program participant’s address *[and designate a
date after which the agency no longer maintains the record of the address]*
by redacting the actual address when the record is released to any person.
* * *
(f) Acceptance or denial of the agency’s waiver request constitutes final
agency action. An aggrieved party may appeal. *[The secretary shall adopt
rules establishing an appeal process.]*
* * *
(j) Any agency receiving a waiver may not make the program participant’s
actual address available for inspection or copying, except under the
following circumstances:
(1) if requested by a law enforcement agency for *[purposes of
assisting in the execution of an arrest warrant]* a legitimate law
enforcement purpose as determined by the law enforcement agency; or
(2) if directed by a court order to a person identified in the order.
Sec. 6. 15 V.S.A. § 1154a is added to read:
§ 1154a. AGENCY USE OF DESIGNATED ADDRESS; LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
(a) If requested in person by a program participant to the person
creating the record prior to the creation of the record, and upon proof of
participation in the program established by this chapter, a law enforcement
agency shall use the participant’s substitute address in:
(1) a summons or complaint for a violation within the jurisdiction of the
judicial bureau as set forth in section 1102 of Title 4;
(2) a citation to appear under Rule 3 of the Vermont Rules of Criminal
Procedure; or
(3) an accident report filed with the department of motor vehicles.
(b) Nothing in this subchapter shall prevent a law enforcement agency
from requiring that a program participant provide his or her actual address
upon request from the agency.
(c) A law enforcement agency may, in its discretion, use a substitute
address in any record released by the agency.
Sec. 7. 15 V.S.A. § 1155 is amended to read:
§ 1155. DISCLOSURE OF ADDRESS PROHIBITED; EXCEPTIONS
(a) The secretary of state may not make a program participant’s address,
other than the address designated by the secretary, available for inspection
or copying, except under the following circumstances:
(1) if requested by a law enforcement agency for *[purposes of
assisting in the execution of an arrest warrant]* a legitimate law
enforcement purpose as determined by the law enforcement agency; or
(2) if directed by a court order to a person identified in the order;
or
(3) to verify the participation of a specific program participant, in
which case the secretary may only confirm information supplied by the
requester*[; or
(4) if certification has been canceled]*.
(b) The secretary shall ensure by rule that:
(1) when a law enforcement agency determines it has an immediate need for
a participant’s actual address, disclosure of the address shall occur
immediately; and
(2) in other circumstances, there is an expedited process for disclosure.
(c) The secretary may request that an agency review its disclosure
requests to determine whether such requests were appropriate.
(d) The secretary shall provide immediate notification of disclosure
to a program participant when disclosure takes place under subdivisions
(a)(2) and (3) of this section.
Sec. 8. 15 V.S.A. § 1156 is amended to read:
§ 1156. NONDISCLOSURE OF ADDRESS IN CRIMINAL AND CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
*[
No member of the department of state’s attorneys, victim’s advocate, law
enforcement agency, local social service agency or witness shall be
compelled to disclose the program participant’s actual residential address
or place of employment during the discovery phase of, or during testimony in
any criminal or civil proceeding unless the court finds, based on a
preponderance of the evidence, that nondisclosure will prejudice the
defendant.]* No person shall be compelled to disclose a program
participant’s actual address during a proceeding before a court of competent
jurisdiction, unless the court finds, based upon a preponderance of the
evidence, that the disclosure is required in the interests of justice. A
court may seal that portion of any record that contains a program
participant’s actual address. Nothing in this subchapter shall prevent the
state from using a program participant’s actual address in any document or
record filed with a court if, at the time of filing, the document or record
is not a public record.
Sec. 9. 15 V.S.A. § 1161 is added to read:
§ 1161. LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENCE
No actionable duty nor any right of action shall accrue against the
state, a municipality, an agency of the state or municipality, or an
employee of the state or municipality, from the negligent disclosure of a
program participant’s actual address.
Sec. 10. 1 V.S.A. § 317(c)(29) is amended to read:
(c) The following public records are exempt from public inspection and
copying:
* * *
(29) the *[address]* records in the custody of the secretary of
state of a *[certified]* participant in the address
confidentiality program described in chapter 21, subchapter 3 of Title 15,
except as provided in that subchapter*[, during the period of
certification]*.
Adopted Rules
6/19/01
- Statement of Purpose
These rules are promulgated pursuant to the address confidentiality
statute (15 V.S.A. § 1150-1160, 18 V.S.A. § 5083 & 5132, 17 V.S.A. § 2122 &
2126) and 3 V.S.A. § 831 et seq.
B. Definitions
- "Actual address"
means the physical location where the applicant
resides and may include a school address, or work address of an
individual, as specified on the individual’s application to be a program
participant.
- "Agency" means any subdivision of the state of Vermont, a
municipality, or a subdivision of a municipality.
- "Application assistant" means an employee of a state or local
agency, or of a non-governmental agency or program that provides
counseling, referral, or shelter services to victims of sexual assault,
domestic violence, or stalking, who has been designated by their
respective program, and who has been registered with the Secretary of
State to assist individuals in the completion of program participation
applications.
- "Blind ballot voter" means a program participant who has
applied and qualified as a voter in a town in accordance with the rules
herein. The blind ballot voter’s name will not appear on a checklist and
the town clerk will send absentee voter ballots to the Secretary of
State’s office in accordance with the rules herein.
- "Bona fide purpose" means a statutory or administrative
requirement the agency is unable to fulfill without possession of an
individual’s actual address.
- "Cancelled"
means the status
of a person who is no longer certified in the SAH program.
- "Domestic violence"
means an act of abuse as defined in
subdivision 1101(1) of Title 15 and includes a threat of such acts
committed against an individual in a domestic situation, regardless of
whether these acts or threats have been reported to law enforcement
officers.
"Law enforcement agency"
means:
(i) the Department of Public Safety, a municipal police department, a
sheriff’s department, the Attorney General’s office, a State’s Attorney’s
office, and certified law enforcement officers employed by the Department
of Motor Vehicles, the Agency of Natural Resources, or the Department of
Liquor Control, and,
(ii) the Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services when the
Department is engaged in:
a. the investigation of child abuse and neglect;
b. the delivery of services to families and children that the
department is working with pursuant to the provisions of chapter 55 of
Title 33; or
c. the performance of the department’s responsibilities pursuant to
an interstate compact to which the state is a party.
9. "Law enforcement purpose" means all matters relating to:
(A) the prevention, investigation, prosecution, or adjudication of
criminal offenses, civil matters, or juvenile matters;
(B) the investigation, prosecution, adjudication, detention,
supervision, or correction of persons suspected, charged, or convicted
of criminal offenses or juvenile delinquencies;
(C) the protection of the general health, welfare, and safety of the
public or the state of Vermont;
(D) the execution and enforcement of court orders;
(E) service of criminal or civil process or court orders;
(F) screening for criminal justice employment;
(G) other actions taken in performance of official duties, as set
forth by statutes, rules, policies, judicial case law, and the United
States and Vermont constitutions; and
(H) criminal identification activities, including the collection,
storage, and dissemination of criminal history records, as defined in
subdivision 2056a(a)(1) of Title 20, sex offender registry information,
and DNA material and information.
10) "Program participant" means a person certified as a
program participant in the address confidentiality program in accordance
with the rules herein.
11) "Public record" means a public record as defined in 1
V.S.A. § 317.
12) "Resident" means an individual domiciled in the
state of Vermont as evidenced by an intent to maintain a dwelling place in
Vermont indefinitely and to return there if temporarily absent, coupled with
an act or acts consistent with that intent.
13) "Safe At Home (SAH)" means the address confidentiality
program created pursuant to 15 V.S.A. § 1150 et seq. within the Vermont
Secretary of State’s Office.
14) "Secretary" means the Secretary of State.
15) "Sexual assault" means an act of assault as defined in
subsection 3252(a) or (b) (sexual assault) or in subsection 3253(a)
(aggravated sexual assault) of Title 13, and includes a threat of such acts,
regardless of whether these acts or threats have been reported to law
enforcement officers.
16) "Stalking" means conduct as defined in section
1061(stalking) or in section 1063 (aggravated stalking) of Title 13, and
includes a threat of such acts, regardless of whether these acts or threats
have been reported to law enforcement officers.
17) "Substitute address" means the Secretary’s designated
address for the address confidentiality program.
18) "Vital record" means any record of birth, death, marriage,
civil union, annulment or divorce held by the Department of Health.
C. Program Eligibility
An applicant must be a resident of Vermont and have recently relocated
or plan to relocate in the next few weeks to a location unknown to the
abuser.
An applicant, or the minor or incapacitated person on whose behalf the
application is made, is a victim of domestic violence, sexual assault or
stalking.
3) The parent or legal guardian applying on behalf of a minor or
incapacitated person must have legal authority to act on the person’s
behalf.
4) If the applicant is under the supervision of the Department of
Corrections, the applicant has notified the Department of the actual address
and the applicant authorizes the release of the actual address to the
Department.
5) If the applicant is required to report the actual address for the
sex offender registry under subchapter 3 of chapter 167 of Title 13, the
applicant authorizes the release of the actual address to the registry.
D. Application Assistants
Any person may apply to
the Secretary to become an application assistant. If
the request is approved by the Secretary,
that person shall be designated
by the Secretary as an application
assistant. Application assistants shall provide their name and the name
and phone number of the government agency or non-governmental agency or
program of which they are employed or affiliated, and when appropriate,
the address of the agency or program.
Agency or program directors shall approve employee designations prior
to application assistant registration. All persons must be registered with
the Secretary to serve as application assistants. Application assistants’
registrations shall be renewed annually.
Application assistants must be trained, and the training shall
include, but is not limited to, the application process, program
components, program guidelines, program limitations, and the importance of
safety planning.
The SAH program shall provide application assistants with all
necessary application materials.
E. Application Process
1) Prospective participants may obtain SAH applications at local
domestic violence or sexual assault programs, from victim advocates, or
from any other application assistant.
2) Applicants must be given orientation information about the SAH
program from an application assistant.
3) Application assistants shall request one or more forms of
identification from program applicants.
Upon request by the application assistant, a
program participant shall provide identification to the application
assistant that establishes the applicant's identity to the satisfaction of
the application assistant. In the event that a program participant cannot
provide such identification due to exigent circumstances, the Secretary
may temporarily approve the application absent the identification if the
application is otherwise properly completed. The application shall be
temporarily approved for no more than 45 days upon which the participant
must provide identification to the application assistant or Secretary.
4) A properly completed application form shall contain the following
information:
(a) the applicant’s name and date of birth, and the name and date of
birth of the minor or incapacitated person on whose behalf the application
is made; and
(b) (1) a statement made by the applicant that the applicant, or the
minor or incapacitated person on whose behalf the application is made, is
a victim of domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking; and
(2) a statement made by the applicant that the applicant fears for
her or his safety or her or his children's safety, or the safety of the
minor or incapacitated person on whose behalf the application is made; and
(c) a designation of the Secretary as agent for purposes of service of
process and for the purpose of receipt of first-class mail; and
(d) the actual address or addresses that the applicant requests not be
disclosed; and
(e) the phone number or numbers where the applicant can be called by
the Secretary; and
(f) the name and phone number of the application assistant, and the
name of the respective program or agency, and the date on which the
applicant signed the application; and
(g) the applicant’s signature; and
(h) a signed statement that the applicant has read and understands the
checklist of participant responsibilities; and
(i) a statement made under oath that the applicant has affirmed under
the penalties of perjury that the information on the application is true
and accurate.
An application shall be considered
properly completed when the application form is completed in accordance
with 4) above and the following requirements are otherwise met:
a) All household members living in one
location shall file a single application including each co-applicant’s
name, date of birth, and relationship to applicant; and
b) Applicants must sign an authorization card form for themselves and
for each minor child or incapacitated person included on the application;
and
c) Applications shall be filed with the Secretary via first-class mail,
in person, or fax provided that a hard copy is sent within 7 days
following the fax transmittal.
d) The legal guardian, if any has provided official copies of her or
his appointment from probate court, and all orders that set forth
the guardian’s duties; and
e) In emancipation situations, the minor has provided an official copy
of the emancipation order.
F. Program Certification
Upon receipt of a properly completed application, the Secretary shall
certify the applicant as a program participant.
An authorization card shall be issued within five working days after
the application is received by the Secretary and the Secretary has
certified the participant. The SAH program shall issue a program
participant authorization card to each individual named on the completed
application form. The authorization card shall include the program
participant’s name, authorization code, substitute mailing address,
certification expiration date, applicant’s signature, toll free number of
the SAH program, and a statement that the authorization card is not a
legal form of identification.
Applicants shall be certified for four years following the date of
certification, unless the certification is withdrawn or cancelled before
that date.
A program participant shall notify the Secretary of any change of
actual address or phone number within seven days of the change.
G. Certification Renewal
1) A program participant may renew her or his program certification by
filing with the SAH program:
(a) a copy of her or his current authorization card or a statement
that the authorization card has been lost or destroyed; and
(b) a properly completed certification renewal form, which shall
require the applicant to provide all the information as set forth in E.
4 above; and
(c) documents and information set forth in E. 5) above.
- If an applicant meets the requirements noted in section G. above, the
SAH program shall:
(a) certify a program participant who has filed a properly completed
certification renewal form to participate in the program for an
additional four year term unless the certification is withdrawn or
cancelled before that date.
(b) notify in writing the supervisor of Vital Records Registration if
the participant has a protected birth, death, marriage, civil union,
divorce or annulment record in the Health Department
H. Certification Withdrawal
Upon receipt of a request for withdrawal, the Secretary shall ensure
withdrawal is not coerced by using a secure method, which may include
phone calls to the participant or application assistant, an investigation,
or by requesting documents that support the withdrawal and to confirm the
identity of the program participant.
2) Upon determination of withdrawal by the Secretary, if the withdrawn
participant;
(a) has a protected birth, death,
marriage, civil union, divorce or annulment record, the Secretary shall
notify the supervisor of Vital Records Registration of the participant’s
withdrawal in writing. Upon receipt of the withdrawal notification, the
supervisor of Vital Records Registration shall revise the record to
reflect the participant’s actual address as of the day the record was
created. The supervisor of Vital Records Registration shall transmit all
appropriate vital records pertaining to the program participant to the
appropriate town clerk’s office, and will no longer be responsible for
maintaining the confidentiality of a withdrawn program participant’s
record.
(b) was a blind ballot absentee voter, it shall be the program
participant’s responsibility to reapply for addition to the voter
checklist in the town where she or he resides. The Secretary shall
notify the clerk in the town where the program participant resided that
the participant no longer qualifies for blind ballot voter privileges.
I. Certification Cancellation
- The Secretary may cancel a program participant’s certification if,
after the passage of 14 days:
(a) from the date of changing her or his name, the program participant
does not notify the Secretary that she or he has obtained a name change.
The program participant may reapply under her or his new name by returning
the old SAH authorization card, a new completed SAH application, and an
identification card form reflecting the name change. If the program
participant obtained a legal name change through any court proceeding or
through marriage or civil union, the participant shall provide a copy of
the court order or appropriate certificate; or
(b) from the date of changing her or his actual address, the program
participant fails to notify the Secretary of the change of address; or
(c) from the date that mail forwarded to the program participant’s
actual address is returned as nondeliverable to the Secretary.
- The Secretary shall cancel program certification if it has been
determined that false information has been provided on an application.
3) The Secretary may cancel a program participant’s certification if
the program participant’s certification term has expired and certification
renewal has not been completed.
4) The Secretary shall notify the program
participant that she or he has been cancelled from the SAH program by a
method determined by the Secretary most likely to result in contact with
the program participant by first-class mail and phone calls, or other
methods reasonably likely to provide notice.
- Notice of cancellation shall set out the reasons for cancellation. The
program participant shall have 30 days from the date of cancellation
notice to appeal the cancellation decision by submitting in writing to the
Secretary a request to reverse the cancellation decision including any
information and documentation that supports the appeal.
- The Secretary shall review all submissions and render a decision
within 30 days of the receipt of the appeal based on the written record
and/or oral communication with the program participant. The Secretary’s
decision shall constitute final agency action.
5) If the cancelled participant;
a) has a protected birth, death, marriage, civil union, divorce or
annulment record, the Secretary shall notify the supervisor of Vital
Records Registration of the participant’s cancellation in writing within
40 days unless an appeal is received, and in that case within 10 days of
denial of the appeal.
(i) Upon receipt of the cancellation notification, the supervisor of
Vital Records Registration shall revise the record to reflect the
participant’s actual address as of the day the record was created. The
supervisor of Vital Records Registration shall transmit all appropriate
vital records pertaining to the program participant to the appropriate
town clerk’s office, and will no longer be responsible for maintaining
the confidentiality of a cancelled program participant’s record.
- was a blind ballot absentee voter, it shall be the program
participant’s responsibility to reapply for addition to the voter
checklist in the town where she or he resides. The Secretary shall notify
the clerk in the town where the program participant resided that the
participant no longer qualifies for blind ballot voter privileges.
- The Secretary shall not take further action until all appeal periods
have expired or any appeal taken has been resolved.
J. Service of Process
1) Service on the Secretary of any summons, writ, notice, demand, or
process shall be made by mail to the substitute address or by personal
service on the Secretary.
2) When any summons, writ, notice, demand, or process is served on the
Secretary, the Secretary shall immediately forward a copy to the program
participant at the participant’s current actual address.
- The Secretary shall maintain in the program participant’s file the
date of service and a record of all summonses, writs, notices, demands,
and processes served upon the Secretary.
- Return of service shall not contain a participant’s actual address.
K. Agency Use of Designated Address - Other than Law Enforcement Agency
1) At the time any state or local government agency creates a new
public record or updates an existing public record, a program participant
may request that the agency use the substitute mailing address as the
participant’s actual address.
2) A program participant shall show her or his authorization card to
the agency and request address confidentiality through the use of the
substitute mailing address as it appears on the authorization card in lieu
of her or his actual address.
3) An agency shall accept the substitute mailing address for any public
record that is the subject of the request unless the agency has received a
written waiver from the Secretary pursuant to paragraph L. "Agency
Waiver", or if pursuant to law, waiver or court order the agency is not
required to use the substitute address for any such record.
L. Agency Waiver
1) An agency requesting a waiver must provide in writing to the
Secretary the following:
(a) identification of the statute or administrative rule which
demonstrates the agency’s bona fide purpose for the use of the actual
address of a participant; and
(b) identification of the specific program participant’s record for
which the waiver is requested; and
(c) identification of the individuals who will have access to the
record; and
(d) an explanation of how the agency’s acceptance of a substitute
address will prevent the agency from meeting its obligations under the
statute or rule identified above; and
(e) an explanation of why the agency cannot meet its statutory or
administrative obligations by a change in its internal procedures.
2) During the review, evaluation, and appeal of an agency’s request,
the agency shall accept the use of a program participant’s substitute
address for any record that is the subject of the waiver request under
review, evaluation or appeal.
3) The Secretary’s determination to grant or withhold a requested
waiver must be based on, but not limited to, an evaluation of the
information under this section.
4) Acceptance or denial of the agency’s waiver request constitutes
final agency action. An aggrieved party may appeal.
5) Prior to granting the waiver, the Secretary shall notify the program
participant of the waiver, including the name of the agency and the
reasons for the waiver.
6) If granted a waiver, the agency shall maintain the confidentiality
of a program participant’s actual address information by redacting the
actual address when the record is released to any person unless release of
the actual address to the person is authorized by law, waiver or court
order.
7) Any agency receiving a waiver may not make the program participant’s
actual address available for inspection or copying, except under the
following circumstances:
(a) if requested by a law enforcement agency for a law enforcement
purpose as defined in 15 V.S.A. 1151 (5); or
(b) if directed by a court order to a person identified in the order.
8) The Secretary shall keep a record of all waivers and all
documentation relating to requests for waivers.
M. Law Enforcement Agency Exceptions
The Secretary may not make a program participant’s actual address
available unless requested by a law enforcement agency for a law
enforcement purpose as defined in 15 V.S.A. 1151 (5).
- In circumstances where there is not an immediate need for disclosure,
the Secretary shall expediently release the actual address of a
participant. The request shall be in writing (mail, e-mail or fax), or by
personal contact, to the Secretary on agency letterhead stationary and
shall contain:
- the name, signature if available, case identification number if
available, address and phone number of the law enforcement employee
requesting the information; and
(b) the request date; and
(c) the name of the program participant; and
(d) the name, address and phone number of the law enforcement
employee’s supervisor.
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of sections M. a) 1)(a)-(d), if
the Secretary is otherwise assured that the request is made by a law
enforcement agency for a law enforcement purpose, disclosure may occur.
- In circumstances when immediate disclosure is necessary, the Secretary
shall immediately release the participant’s actual address. The request
shall be made by phone, or in writing (mail, e-mail or fax), or by
personal contact, to the Secretary and shall include:
- the name, case identification number if available, address and phone
number of the law enforcement officer requesting the information; and
- the name of the program participant.
b)
The Secretary may request that an agency
review its disclosure requests to determine whether such requests were
appropriate.
c) A program participant may request of a law enforcement employee
creating the record noted below, and prior to the creation of the record
and upon proof of participation in the program to the satisfaction of the
law enforcement agency, that the participant’s substitute address be used
in:
(1) a summons or complaint for a violation within the jurisdiction
of the judicial bureau as set forth in section 1102 of Title 4 (i.e.
traffic violations, civil ordinance violations, etc);
(2) a citation to appear under Rule 3 of the Vermont Rules of
Criminal Procedure (i.e. arrest without warrant); or
(3) an accident report filed with the Department of Motor Vehicles.
d) Nothing in this subchapter shall prevent a law enforcement agency
from requiring that a program participant provide his or her actual
address upon request from the agency.
e) A law enforcement agency may, in its discretion, use a substitute
address in any record released by the agency.
N. Disclosure by Secretary
1) The Secretary shall not make a program participant’s actual address
available except if directed by court order to a person identified in the
order, or pursuant to law or waiver.
2) The Secretary may verify the
participation of a specific program participant in which case the
Secretary may only confirm information supplied by the requester.
3) The Secretary shall provide immediate
notification of disclosure to a program participant when disclosure takes
place pursuant to 15 V.S.A. 1155 (a) (2) and (3).
Voting as Blind Ballot
A program participant may notify the SAH program of any request for
confidentiality in voting records by requesting to exercise blind ballot
voter privileges. The Secretary shall send an application to the checklist
and absentee voter request form to the program participant for completion.
The program participant shall enter the blind ballot voter number, as
provided by the Secretary, on the line for the name and enter the
substitute address as the mailing address. A properly completed
application to the checklist and absentee voter request form shall be
received by the SAH program by the third Saturday prior to any election.
If the program participant was not previously registered to vote in
Vermont, the voters oath must be administered by a notary and subscribed
on the registration form.
The Secretary shall consult with the town clerk to determine the
proper district where the participant resides for voting purposes. The
Secretary shall sign an affirmation of the program participant’s residency
in the town and district.
The SAH program shall keep a copy of all applications and shall
send to the clerk of the town where the participant resides: 1) a copy of
the absentee voter request form omitting any information intended to be
confidential, 2) the application to the checklist omitting any information
intended to be confidential, and 3) the Secretary’s affirmation of
residency. Town clerks shall not have access to the confidential
information of program participants.
The town clerk shall include blind ballot voters on the checklist by
using blind ballot numbers and the substitute address in lieu of the
voters’ actual names and addresses.
The SAH program shall send the form authorizing removal from previous
town checklists to the previous town clerk.
Not later than 30 days prior to the election, or within 1 day of
receipt of a request for absentee ballots if the request is less than 30
days before the election, the town clerk will send the absentee voting
ballots to the SAH program who will forward them to participants at their
actual addresses.
Recording of Vital Statistics
1) When vital records are created and filed with the supervisor of
Vital Records Registration they shall not contain the actual address of
any program participant.
2) The supervisor of Vital Records Registration shall notify the SAH
program when a vital record is received concerning a program participant.
The SAH program shall then mail to the supervisor of Vital Records
Registration the participant’s actual address as of the date the vital
record was created. The supervisor of Vital Records Registration shall
keep the actual address confidential.
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