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People with disabilities prefer that you focus on their abilities, not their disabilities. The person should always be stated first. The term "handicapped" should be avoided. The preferred usage is "people or persons with disabilities." However, the term "disabled people" is acceptable, but note that this term still defines people as disabled first, and people second.

Language is powerful, but attitudes and behaviors are the most difficult barriers for people with disabilities to overcome.

Be Yourself

Treat people with disabilities with the same respect and consideration that you have for everyone else. Treat the person as an individual, not as a disability. Don't assume that "disability" is all that person can talk about or is interested in. Find a topic of small talk, the way you would with anyone. As in any new situation, everyone will feel more comfortable if you relax.

Meeting Someone

Use a normal voice when extending a verbal welcome. Do not raise your voice unless requested. By your actions and words, you should treat persons with disabilities the same as you would anyone else. It's okay to invite a person who uses a  wheelchair to "go for a walk," or to ask a person who is blind if they "see what you mean."

People who use wheelchairs may have a variety of different disabilities. Some have use of their arms and some don't. When you meet someone, extend your hand to shake if that is what you normally do. A person who cannot shake hands will let you know, but he/she will appreciate being treated in a normal way. If you are meeting a person who is blind, identify yourself. If you have met before, remind the person of the context because he/she won't have the visual cues to jog the memory.

Helping

Do not automatically give assistance. Ask first if the person wants help. Many disabled people will be grateful for an offer of help. Assistance with doors, as long as you are clear of the path, is usually very much appreciated. Follow the person's cues, and ask if you are not sure. If your offer of assistance is accepted, listen to or ask for instructions. Don't be offended if someone refuses your offer. It is his/her choice to be as independent as possible.

Communication

People experience communication disabilities when their ability to receive, send, or process information is reduced.

Talk directly to the person, not to an aide, friend, or interpreter. It is important to make eye contact. If you don't understand someone, ask the person to repeat it. If the person doesn't understand you when you speak, try again. Sometimes it takes repeated attempts at listening or speaking. If the person uses a wheelchair, sit down yourself and converse at the same level. When appropriate, offer to make public information available in an alternate format.

Environments

Be sensitive about the setting. A noisy or dark environment, or many people talking at the same time, might make it difficult for people with vision, speech, hearing, or some hidden disabilities to participate fully in a conversation. Be aware of clear paths of travel for people who are blind or use wheelchairs or other mobility aids. Describe goings-on and surroundings (especially obstacles) to a blind person. Be aware that a person with chemical sensitivity may have a reaction to smoke, perfume, or other toxins in the environment.

Socializing

Do not leave persons with disabilities out of a conversation or activity because you feel uncomfortable or fear that they will feel uncomfortable. Include them as you would anyone else. They know what they can do, and what they want to do. Let it be their decision whether or not to participate.

Touching

Guide dogs and other service animals are working animals. Do not pet or touch them unless you have specific permission. Do not touch a person with a disability unless there is a good reason, such as shaking hands in greeting or if the person has requested assistance. However, you may gently touch a person who is Deaf to get their attention. Never push a person's wheelchair without their permission.

Auxiliary Aids

Do not touch someone's cane, wheelchair, or other device. It is a part of that person's mobility aid. If you are interested in a demonstration of someone's electronic aid, ask. Do not try to use such equipment unless you are invited to do so.

Hidden Disabilities

Not all disabilities are apparent. A person may have trouble following a conversation, may not respond when you call or wave, or may say or do something that seems inappropriate. The person may have a hidden disability, such as low vision, a seizure disorder, hearing loss, a learning disability, a brain injury, mental illness, or a health condition. These are just a few of the many different types of hidden disabilities. Don't make assumptions about the person or the disability. Be open-minded.